SQL
1. SELECT
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name;
Example
The following SQL statement selects the "CustomerName" and "City" columns from the "Customers" table.
SELECT CustomerName, City FROM Customers;
2. SQL SELECT DISTINCT
Syntax
SELECT DISTINCT _column1_, _column2, ..._
FROM _table_name_;
3. SQL WHERE Clause
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition;
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country = 'Germany';
4. SQL ORDER BY Clause
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name ORDER BY column1, column2, ... ASC|DESC;
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers ORDER BY Country ASC, CustomerName DESC;
5. SQL LIMIT Clause
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name LIMIT number;
Example
SELECT * FROM Orders LIMIT 10;
6. SQL JOIN Clause
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table1
JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;
Example
SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName FROM Orders JOIN Customers ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;
7. SQL GROUP BY Clause
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name GROUP BY column1, column2, ...;
Example
SELECT Country, COUNT(*) AS CustomerCount FROM Customers GROUP BY Country;
8. SQL HAVING Clause
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name GROUP BY column1, column2, ... HAVING condition;
Example
SELECT Country, COUNT(*) AS CustomerCount FROM Customers GROUP BY Country HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;
9. SQL NOT Operator
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE NOT Country = 'USA';
SQL NOT Operator
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE NOT condition;
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE NOT Country = 'USA';
SQL NOT LIKE Operator
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name NOT LIKE pattern;
Example
SELECT * FROM Products WHERE ProductName NOT LIKE 'Chai%';
SQL NOT BETWEEN Operator
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name NOT BETWEEN value1 AND value2;
Example
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate NOT BETWEEN '2023-01-01' AND '2023-12-31';
SQL NOT IN Operator
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name NOT IN (value1, value2, ...);
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID NOT IN ('ALFKI', 'ANATR', 'ANTON');
SQL NOT Greater Than Operator
Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name NOT > value;
Example
SELECT * FROM Products WHERE UnitPrice NOT > 20;